The Dingess Petroglyphs, several in the area that resemble (but are not related to) an ancient, primitive Irish system of writing. (Images from Wikipedia Commons)
1. Leo Petroglyphs
2. Inscription Rock
3. Barnesville and Barton
4. The Antique Sculptures & Ohio Ceramic Museum
5. The Ogham Petroglyphs
6. Parker’s Landing & Indian God Rock
7. Big & Little Indian Rocks
8. Indian Head Rock
9. Sanilac Petroglyph Historic State Park
10. Grand Traverse Bay Structure
11. Petroglyph Provincial Park
West Virginia
There are around 30 known petroglyph sites in West Virginia, with most of them found along the Ohio River, but not all of them. Some are located inland, others are in museums and parks, and several are on private property and require permission to visit. Almost all of them are closely related to the petroglyphs found in Ohio.
An exception is a series of three unusual petroglyph sites in the southwestern portion of the state that, at one time, were thought to have been left by Irish monks, long before Christopher Columbus arrived! We’ll start with these mysterious locations and then move on to West Virginia’s other interesting, more traditional sites.
The Mysterious “Ogham” Petroglyphs
210 E. Lakeshore Dr. Kelleys Island
"Ogham” is an early medieval alphabet primarily used to write the Primitive Irish language. It consists of straight or slanted lines carved along the edge of stone, wood, or other surfaces. So when European explorers familiar with Ogham encountered three unique petroglyph sites in southeastern West Virginia—featuring similar line patterns—they speculated that Irish monks had reached the New World in the 8th century, leaving their marks on these remote locations.
An old historical sign in the village of Lynco, where the “Ogham Petroglyphs” are located, captures this debate: “Nearby are ancient rock carvings of unknown age or purpose. Some think early Celtic explorers carved them. Others believe Native Americans more likely carved them prior to 1000 AD.”
Today, we know these markings—composed of straight lines, arrow-like symbols, and even star shapes—were created by Native Americans. However, their precise meaning, purpose, and age remain a mystery. The three sites stand apart from other known petroglyphs, fueling speculation about their origins. Some theories suggest they represent an obscure or experimental form of indigenous writing, a system of symbolic communication unique to this region, or even a form of solar alignment, akin to a calendar. Others propose they served as clan markers or conveyed esoteric knowledge shared only among select members of a society.
Nestled in a remote yet strikingly beautiful part of West Virginia—near New River Gorge National Park—these controversial petroglyphs remain remarkably well-preserved. If you decide to visit, tread lightly to help protect these ancient relics.
Lynco Petroglyphs
Sometimes called the Horse Creek Petroglyphs, this site is best accessed from 606 Laurel Br. Ave. in Clear Fork, also known as Petroglyph Pass. Park in the dirt lot on the other side of the old railroad tracks, then walk about 750 feet south along the tracks. The petroglyphs are located roughly 30 feet up the embankment on your right, with a clearly visible path leading to them. This site is marked on Google Maps.
Beards Fork Petroglyph
This site is accessible via a short hike—less than a mile—south on the Beards Fork Rail Trail from 1862 Beards Fork Rd. The petroglyphs are carved beneath a rock overhang next to a small stream called Beards Fork. While private property surrounds the area, the petroglyphs themselves sit on public land behind 2679 Beards Fork Rd.
Dingess Petroglyphs
The easiest site to find, the Dingess Petroglyphs (pictured below) are displayed with interpretive signage in a park at 224 Park Dr. in Dingess.
A Deeper Mystery: The Ancient Walls of Mount Carbon
For those intrigued by ancient enigmas, another West Virginia mystery lies nearby—the “Ancient Walls” of Mount Carbon. This puzzling series of stone ruins stretches for several miles, their origins and purpose unknown. Could these petroglyphs and the walls be connected? It might be a rabbit hole worth exploring! (LEARN MORE)
The Panther Petroglyph
On display at Tu-Endie-Wei State Park in Point Pleasant
Housed in a miniature log cabin for protection from the elements, and free to visit, the Panther Petroglyph (sometimes called the Water-Panther Stone) was transported to this location from Leon, West Virginia, about 13 miles upstream on the Kanawha River. Its location next to the river hints to its purpose as a warning or homage to the Underwater Panther/Serpent. The petroglyph is located on a trail, which also overlooks the confluence of the Kanawha and Ohio rivers. Sadly, at one time, the slab that contains the petroglyph was used as a staircase by an early settler, thus its shape.
Clifton Heights Petroglyph
On display at the Grave Creek Mound Archaeological Complex, 801 Jefferson Ave., Moundsville
The Clifton Heights Petroglyph is on display at this interesting museum, which stands next to the tallest Adena Indian Mound known to exist (the second tallest is the Miamisburg Mound).
The sandstone slab of rock that contains the petroglyphs was brought to the museum from a hillside about 8 miles to the north, near Wheeling. The artwork is interesting because it depicts a shaman (possibly in a dancing posture) and a large frog, as well as human and animal tracks. Its meaning is unknown.
This exceptional museum, which contains an archaeological research center and other exhibits unrelated to the Native Americans, such as Ice Age animals, dinosaurs and fossils, is open 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Tuesday-Saturday. Admission is free.
Hamilton Farm Petroglyphs
U.S. 119 (intersection of Bull Foster Run) in Morgantown
Nearly lost to time and erosion, and buried beneath underbrush that makes it pretty much pointless to visit, there is evidence here that these petroglyphs were made after European contact. The hints are a potential horse hoof symbol and what appears to be the use of metal to carve the stone, something earlier Native Americans didn’t have. Other interesting markings include an otter and a snail.
Ceredo Petroglyph
Ceredo Historical Society Museum, 601 Main St., Ceredo
Measuring three feet by six feet wide and housed safely inside of this quaint museum, the Ceredo Petroglyph contains a familiar Thunderbird(s), as well as humans, animals and geometric designs. It was apparently found by accident when it was dredged out of the Ohio River. The petroglyph is actually considered one of the best-preserved artifacts of its kind. It can be seen by visiting the museum on Tuesdays and Fridays only from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Call (304) 453-3025 for details.
Pennsylvania
From a layman’s perspective, the petroglyphs in Pennsylvania (40 known sites) can be divided into two areas. On the western side of the state are 8 sites that almost all appear to be linked to those found in Ohio. Many can be visited. Over the mountains and on the eastern side of the state are many other related, yet quite different petroglyph sites, including the largest concentration of petroglyphs in the eastern United States located along a 23-mile stretch of the Susquehanna River in southern Pennsylvania and spanning into northern Maryland. Some of these can be visited but require a kayak to reach! While there are symbols common to other parts of the Great Lakes region in eastern Pennsylvania, this area (containing more than 1,000 carvings) has several very unusual symbols. Most unusual is the Walnut Island Petroglyphs, which have strikingly similar features to Chinese writing, and, like the “Irish” writing in West Virginia, has sparked controversy and debate.
Parker’s Landing Petroglyphs
Located behind 1180 Riverview Dr. (a private residence), Parke
For most of the year, a large portion of the 175 petroglyphs carved onto a rock outcrop on this beautiful and remote section of the Allegheny River in western Pennsylvania are under water. However, if you visit in late summer or early fall, there’s a good chance you’ll see many of these pristine, largely undisturbed glyphs, including the Water Panther, humans, animals, crayfish, birds, fish and mythological creatures. The area feels similar to the “Antique Sculptures” in Ohio, and is likely related.
Reaching this site is a little tricky and can only be done on foot, or by kayak. To reach it, park beneath the Parker Bridge (on Perryville Rd.) and walk south on the Allegheny River Trail for 1.4 miles. After you walk past the last house on your right, the rock outcrop containing the petroglyphs is located within view of the trail! However, in order to avoid private property issues, continue south on the trail for another half-mile and look for the first dirt road on your right, which usually has a rope across the entrance to keep cars out. Cyclists and hikers, however, are welcome. From here, walk back north along the public banks of the river toward the last house until you see the rock outcrop next to the water.
If you have a kayak, simply paddle to the location on the river.
Out of this entire list, Parker’s Landing (when the water is low) is probably one of the most captivating petroglyph sites in the eastern United States. A newly placed historical marker in town pays homage to the glyphs, but does not mention their location. (LEARN MORE) + Watch a video HERE.
Painting depicting Parker's Landing. At right, the site today. Images (including map above) from "Petroglyphs of Pennsylvania" Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. LEARN MORE
Indian God Rock Petroglyphs
118 Muskie Dr., Kennerdell
According to the National Park Service, the Indian God Rock Petroglyphs have the unique distinction of being the first Ohio River valley petroglyph to appear in written records. The giant rock was a revered landmark for river travelers, both in ancient and after European contact times. There may be 55 or more symbols and inscriptions on the rock, but modern graffiti has obscured most it. The petroglyphs include humanoid figures, animals, geometric patterns, footprints and handprints. It likely held a religious significance.
This site is accessible from the Allegheny River Rail Trail (by foot or mountain bike), with the nearest trailhead located at 118 Muskie Dr. The petroglyphs are then less than 2 miles to the north, along the Allegheny River. A small side trail leads to the giant stone next to the river. (Note: River conditions will determine whether the petroglyph is visible or even safe enough to visit).
What remains of Indian God Rock and a depiction of its images. It appears to be a "Teaching Rock." (Images from Wikipedia Commons)
Sugar Grove Petroglyph
372 Colvin Rd., Greensboro
There are 48 different carvings on this massive inland rock outcrop in rural Monongahela Township, including 23 abstract designs, 10 birds and footprints and 8 humans. Unfortunately, due to nature and vandals, it is now very eroded and hard to discern. In fact, many of these “abstract designs” at one time might have made sense. The most unique image is that of a circular animal that appears to be swallowing its tail, which is 5 feet long! Because of this, although a small site, Sugar Grove is considered one of the most important archaeological sites in Pennsylvania! A short and rugged hike with no certain path is required to reach it.
The Sugar Grove Petroglyphs. Image from "Petroglyphs of Pennsylvania" Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. LEARN MORE
Francis Farm Petroglyphs
372 Colvin Rd., Greensboro
This significant petroglyph site is located on private property near 229 Francis Rd. in Perryopolis. However, the owner will allow very curious guests on his property, if you ask nicely and at a reasonable time!
The large primary slab of stone features 16 distinct carvings and is the only surviving slab of six petroglyph sites on the farm. The same slab has numerous small pits that were used to crack nuts, which is a common sight at many petroglyph locations in the Eastern Woodlands.
At least three other major sites have survived in the area on private property, and there were believed to be many others lost to time.
The Largest Collection of Petroglyphs in the Eastern United
Safe Harbor Kayak/Canoe Launch, 101 Safe Harbor Rd., Conestoga
The largest concentration of petroglyphs (1,000 of them) in the eastern United States is located along a 23-mile stretch of the Susquehanna River in southern Pennsylvania and spanning into northern Maryland. The most famous of these (and open to the public) is the Big and Little Indian Rock petroglyphs in Conestoga (known as the Safe Harbor Petroglyphs). The glyphs are located on huge rocks in the middle of the river and require a kayak or boat to reach (unless the water is extremely low). If you visit between mid-May and October, you can sign up to tour the petroglyphs with an expert, Paul Nevin. Visit safeharborpetroglyphs.com for details. Otherwise, bring your own kayak and launch from the above address.
The petroglyphs to the north and south of Conestoga are little more complicated and controversial. The most unusual is the Walnut Island Petroglyphs, which have strikingly similar features to Chinese writing (below left) and, like the “Irish” writing in West Virginia, has sparked controversy and debate. To the south, the Bald Friar Petroglyphs (below right) look like flower petals!
The unusual Walnut Island Petroglyphs and, to the south, Bald Friar Petroglyphs. (Images from Wikipedia Commons)
While it is rarely discussed in the literature, the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission (PHMC), in their Petroglyphs of Pennsylvania guide, note that the Big and Little Indian Rock Petroglyphs (as well as Bald Frair) may have astronomical significance. The PHMC writes: “The river and surrounding hills there create a magnificent setting for observing the sky and marking celestial positions. Six of the seven fully-carved snake symbols point to the sunrise or sunset positions for the equinoxes or the solstices…These times would mark planting and harvesting times as well as important turning points in the cycle of the year. All over the world, people have devised methods for calculating these days and it is not surprising that Native Americans did also.”
If this is the case, it adds another interesting and deep layer to this symbolic past!
The highest concentration of petroglyphs in the eastern United States. Images from "Petroglyphs of Pennsylvania" Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. LEARN MORE
Jefferson County History Center & Scripture Rocks
The history center is located at 172 Main St. in Brookville and Scripture Rocks Heritage Park is on the edge of town at 560 PA-28
Among many other exhibits, the Jefferson County History Center contains engravings of petroglyphs from nearby Pine Grove Township. They can be viewed from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Tuesday-Saturday. For details, call (814) 849-0077.
For a modern take on petroglyphs while in Brookville, head to the Scripture Rocks Heritage Park, a free public-access site open dawn to dusk from April to October. The park contains 1.5 miles of gravel-covered pathways that wind past more than 60 boulders carved with the philosophy and tribulations (mostly religiously inspired) of Douglas Stahlman in the early 1900s. Plan your trip at scripturerocks.com.
Blue Rock Heritage Center
2251 River Rd., Washington Boro
On loan from the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, three petroglyphs removed from the Susquehanna River are on display at the Blue Rock Heritage Center, open at various hours May through October. A small fee is charged. Learn more at bluerockheritage.org.
Kentucky
While many of the petroglyphs on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River are related to those in Ohio, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, the further south you go, the more obscure things become, including within Mammoth Cave, as well as the Red River Gorge area. Only a few can be visited.
Indian Head Rock
Rotary Park Rt. 23, South Shore
Although it had been known about for centuries, and used to gauge river depth by boatmen, it wasn’t until 2007 that an 8-ton sandstone boulder known as Indian Head Rock was retrieved from the Ohio River by an amateur historian and given a proper home in a park in South Shore, just across the river from Portsmouth, Ohio, for all to see. The ordeal was featured in a documentary available online called “Between the Rock and the Commonwealth.”
The name of the rock comes from a simple human face carved on the bottom of the giant boulder. There is a lot of history and speculation about the face, more than can be mentioned here, but, if you’d like to see it, the boulder is now on display beneath a shelter next to the South Shore Police Department at 69 Narco Dr.
Historical images of Indian Head Rock (used to gage the depth of the Ohio River) from Wikipedia Commons. Image at right is a Portsmouth Flood Wall mural painting of the historic photography by Robert Dafford.
Jeffrys Cliffs Petroglyph
Located at Jeffrys Cliffs Conservation & Recreation Area, 715 Willamette Rd., Hawesville
This park hides 9 acres of petroglyphs—all found along the ridges/cliffs of this beautiful park, including at Morgan’s Cave where the petroglyphs are easy to find because they’re encased in protective wooden scaffolding. Other petroglyphs (spirals, circles, zigzags and etched lines) are hidden throughout the ridge (about 5,000 feet long), making this a fun trip for people who enjoy treasure hunts.
Mammoth Cave Petroglyph
Mammoth Cave National Park
With a human presence that dates back at least 12,000 years, yes, Mammoth Cave National Park has petroglyphs and pictographs. The most that can be seen by the public is on the Gothic Avenue Tour, which passes the famous “Checkerboard” glyph. Also in the “Gothic Avenue” are handprints, spirals and obscure symbols. Park guides are happy to discuss them.
Red Bird Petroglyphs
Rawlings Stinson Park, 239 Memorial Dr., Manchester
These petroglyphs, depicting straight, etched lines and arrows, should be cross-referenced with the Ogham petroglyphs in West Virginia, some 125 miles away. Just like the West Virginia petroglyphs, the Red Bird glyphs were mistaken for early Celtic writing, which, of course, is false.
Originally, the petroglyphs were part of a large sandstone rock located along the Red Bird River. However, in 1994, the rock fell from its original position onto Highway 66. The massive stone containing the petroglyphs was moved to this park and preserved with a roof and fencing. It is open dawn to dusk.
Indiana
The only confirmed Native American petroglyph site in the Hoosier State is the Roll site, located somewhere in Hoosier National Forest (public land) near Alton in Crawford County. It features 9 petroglyphs carved on a boulder, including spirals, circles and other geometric shapes. One glyph looks like the Copyright symbol. A glyph of a bow and arrow indicates it is likely a more modern creation. It is impossible to find any information on the exact location of this site. Maybe you can you find it?
Michigan
While there are several unconfirmed petroglyph sites in Michigan, the only remaining site that’s open to the public is at Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park. Other than that, it’s slim pickings!
It is not exactly clear why states such as Ohio, West Virginia and Pennsylvania have so many petroglyphs and others like Indiana and Michigan have so few—noting that they then pick back up in Ontario. The same thing occurs in New England, where places like New York State have numerous petroglyphs and states to the north have very few. As you’ll see in a moment, there’s another elephant in the room when it comes to dating the petroglyphs of the Eastern Woodlands.
Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park
8251 Germania Rd., Cass City
The largest (and only) collection of Native American petroglyphs in Michigan is located at this scenic 240-acre park located in The Thumb of the state—about 90 miles due north of Detroit. The petroglyphs (belonging to the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe) share common themes with those found in the Ohio River Valley, such as the Underwater Panther, Thunderbird, footprints and a man with a bow and arrow (seen below), but the style seems to be unique to this area.
There were likely other petroglyphs in Michigan. Possibly one of the reasons the Sanilac petroglyphs have survived is because, for a long time, they were covered with sand and protected from the elements.
The state park’s hiking trails are open year-round, but the historic site containing the petroglyphs, which are protected beneath an open-air shelter, is only open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Wednesday-Sunday, Memorial Day through Labor Day. The park is free to visit, but donations are appreciated.
Images from Michigan.gov.
Eagle Rock Petroglyphs
51 Court St., Port Huron
Artist Kevin Sudeith is a modern artist who infuses petroglyphs with contemporary life. His works can be found at public locations throughout the United States (and world) and feature petroglyphs of astronauts, airplanes, trucks, tractors, animals and more, including one in Michigan. It is called Eagle Rock and located about 300 feet south of the Fort Huron Car Ferry Dock on St. Clair River, with a view of Canada on the other side of the river. It depicts an eagle and two Native Americans in a canoe. Both are painted in. See more of his work at petroglyphist.com.
The Grand Traverse Bay Underwater Structure & Elephant Petroglyph
Grand Traverse Bay, beneath Lake Michigan
Let’s end this article with what is probably the most controversial “petroglyph” on Earth right now, one that is located about 40 feet beneath the waters of Lake Michigan (specifically in Grand Traverse Bay) and part of something called “Michigan’s Stonehenge.”
Discovered (and concealed) in 2007 by underwater archaeologist Dr. Mark Holley, the “Michigan Stonehenge” is comprised of a series of stones arranged in a line that stretches for about a mile in the lakebed. One notable feature is a boulder bearing markings that some interpret as a prehistoric carving of a mastodon, suggesting a possible human-made origin of the structure. If true, it would make the structure at least 9,000 years old, if not 12,000 years or older—at a time when the lakebed was dry and the area was inhabited by early human populations at the end of the Ice Age.
The underwater rocks may have been used as a guide or corral for hunting animals (a common practice at this time), or possibly for ceremonial or astronomical purposes. A similar (including its age) site is being investigated in Lake Huron. Adding to this are the nearby Beaver Island Boulders, which are laid out in a medicine wheel similar to those found out West. Some of the stones may have had petroglyphs on them!
The mystery deepens…
